Posted on Usenet by: Timothy J. Thompson, Timothy.J.Thompson@jpl.nasa.gov California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer. Atmospheric Corrections Team - Scientific Programmer. tim@uzon.jpl.nasa.gov 6 Sep 1996 00:29:04 GMT ========================================================== A POSSIBILITY OF GRAVITATIONAL FORCE SHIELDING BY BULK YBA2CU3O7-X SUPERCONDUCTOR Article (Refs:8) by Podkletnov-E (*R) Nieminen-R Tampere Univ,Inst Mat Sci,Pob 589/SF-33101 Tampere//FINLAND/ PHYSICA C v203(3-4): pp441-444 (1992 Dec 10) ---------------------------------------------------------- Shielding properties of single-phase dense bulk superconducting ceramics of YBa2Cu3O7-x against the gravitational force were studied at temperatures below 77 K. A small non-conducting and non-magnetic sample weighing 5.48 g was placed over a levitating superconducting disk and the loss of weight was measured with high precision using an electro-optical balance system. The sample was found to lose from 0.05 to 0.3% of its weight, depending on the rotation speed of the superconducting disk. Partial loss of weight might be the result of a certain state of energy which exists inside the crystal structure of the superconductor at low temperatures. The unusual state of energy might have changed a regular interaction between electromagnetic, nuclear and gravitational forces inside a solid body and is responsible for the gravity shielding effect. ============================================================= ================================================================ DOES A SUPERCONDUCTOR SHIELD GRAVITY? Article (Refs:5) by Unnikrishnan-CS (*R) Tata Inst Fundamental Res,Gravitat Experiments Grp,Homi Bhabha Rd/ Bombay 400005/Maharashtra/INDIA/ PHYSICA C v266(1-2): pp133-137 (1996 Jul 20) ----------------------------------------------------------------- Recently there were some experimental observations which were interpreted as due to a shielding of the gravitational interaction by a superconducting disc in a static configuration as well as when set in rotation. We examine the experiments in detail and point out some difficulties which should be eliminated before reliable results can be claimed. The data from these experiments provide an internal check on the correctness of the hypothesis and we argue that the observed results are inconsistent with the hypothesis of shielding and therefore they are not due to shielding of the Earth's gravity. Our preliminary experiments in the static case do not show any evidence for the reported shielding. ================================================================ ================================================================ ABSENCE OF A GRAVITATIONAL ANALOG TO THE MEISSNER EFFECT Article (Refs:14) by Ciubotariu-C (*R) Agop-M Tech Univ Iaso,Dept Phys,Strada Dacia 9,Cartierul Cantemir, Oficiul Postal/R-6600 Iasi//ROMANIA/ GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION v28(4): pp405-412 (1996 Apr) ----------------------------------------------------------------- In the framework of the weak stationary gravitational field and low velocity, we investigate the gravitomagnetic effects on a superconductor. We show that we have no gravitomagnetic shielding, and thus no generalized Meissner gravitational effect in superconductors. ================================================================ ================================================================ INTERACTION BETWEEN GRAVITY AND MOVING SUPERCONDUCTORS Article (Refs:54) by Peng-H (*R) Lind-G Chin-YS Univ Alabama,CSPAR/Huntsville//AL/35899 GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION v23 (11) : pp1231-1250 (1991) ----------------------------------------------------------------- We propose a unified phenomenological theory to investigate the interaction between arbitrarily moving superconductors and gravitational fields including the Newtonian gravity, gravitational waves, vector transverse gravitoelectric fields, and vector gravitomagnetic fields. In the limit of weak field and low velocity, the expressions for the induced electromagnetic and gravitational fields in the interior of a moving superconductor are obtained. The Meissner effect, London moment, DeWitt effect, effects of gravitational wave on a superconductor, and induced electric fields in the interior of a freely vibrating superconductor are recovered from these two expressions. We demonstrate that the weak equivalence principle is valid in superconductivity, that Newtonian gravity and gravitational waves will penetrate either a moving superconductor or a superconductor at rest, and that a superconductor at rest cannot shield either vector gravitomagnetic fields or vector transverse gravitoelectric fields. ================================================================== Aside from these, there are a number of papers in the literature, specifically on antigravity. Several interpretations of general relativity can produce anti-gravitational effects, and likewise for competing theories. For instance ... =================================================================== THE THEORY OF ANTIGRAVITY Article (Refs:0) by Aspden-H (*R) Univ Southampton,Dept Elect Engn/Southampton SO9 5NH/Hants/ENGLAND/ PHYSICS ESSAYS v4(1): pp13-19 (1991) ------------------------------------------------------------------- This paper extends the principles of earlier gravitational theory by which the constant of gravitation G has been deduced in terms of an electrodynamically based graviton theory. Demonstrable anomalous gravitational effects reproducible in the laboratory, which reveal the prospect of antigravitational action, are discussed. It is shown that the theory does include features which can explain observed antigravitational effects. The action points to vacuum energy fluctuations arising from graviton decay and regeneration. Recently reported weight loss accompanying gyroscopic spin in a nonprecessing mode is also explained. =================================================================== =================================================================== GRAVITATIONAL SHIELDING Note (Refs:8) by Eckhardt-DH (*R) USAF,Geophys Lab/Bedford//MA/01731 PHYSICAL REVIEW D v42(6): pp2144-2145 (1990) ------------------------------------------------------------------ No abstract is available for this article. ================================================================== Too bad there is no abstract online for this, but the note and references should be of interest to anyone who wants to be industrious and go after the sources. I have not seen any of these papers, I only grab the abstracts from Caltech's abstract server. Physical Review is the flagship journal of the American Institute of Physics. I have two reasons for posting this. First, if any of you care to do your own homework, here are the places to start. Second, despite Holden's insufferable arrogance, his insufferable ignorance shows through. This is not the sudden Earth-shaking discovery he would have you believe, but as you can see here, a topic which has been in the scientific literature for several years, and is in fact subject to study and examination. All it takes is a minimal effort to find the appropriate papers. Holden could have done this, albeit with other resources, if cared to. ----------------------------------------------------------------- Timothy J. Thompson